Diabetes Type 1 Symptoms

The origin word of "diabetes" is "diabere" which has meaning "syphon" or "tube" to transfer liquid from one to other place. Its similar to the diabetes symptom which is frequent urination or excessive urination. Diabetes has been known before the Century, around 1500 year BC, in Egypt.  Then around 30 BC, Celsus or Paracelsus also found a disease that has same symptom like diabetes has. In that time, they do not yet named the disease, it only called as "Strange disease".

Two hundreds years later, Areteaus named the disease with name "diabetes". He describe a diabetes as dissolution of the flesh and limbs into urine fluid.

Diabetes has main symptoms which are

urinating frequently usually at night, feels very tired although not doing a hard work and always feel very thirsty. General symptoms of Diabetes type 1 can develop more quick than the type 2. A specific symptoms of diabetes type 1 is loss of muscular bulk and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms that might occur to the patien of diabetes are blurring of vision, skin infection, itchiness around the genital area and unexpected cramping.

Diabetes type 1 occurs when the body is unable  to produce insulin because the pancreas cell damaged or because genetic issues. Type 1 is an autoimmune condition. It occur when the body immune system mistakes and attack the pancreas cell which is destroying them completely or damaging them enough to stop the insulin producing.

Diabetes Deaths Occur Every 6 Seconds

Diabetes mellitus or DM is a metabolic disorder, it been caused by many factor. With symptoms such as chronic hyperglycemia and carbo, fat and protein metabolism disorder.

The effect are deficiency of Insulin hormone secretion, insulin activity, or both; Glucose transport deficiency; or both of it.

Others disease, syndrome, or symptoms can be triggered by Diabetes Mellitus or DM, such as: Alzheimer, Down syndrome, Huntington disease, Mitochondria disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia, Parkinson, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Werner Syndrome, Wolfram Syndrome, Miotonis Dystrophy, Dementia, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism and others.

There are four types of Diabetes, which are:

Diabetes Type 1 or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)

DM type 1 is caused by the damage to the Pancreas b cell (autoimmune reaction). If the damage of beta cell reached 80 to 90 percent, then the DM symptom will appear. The damage of beta cell is more rapid in children then adult. Most of DM type 1 patient has antibody which is this antibody is showing the autoimmune process. Only less of them, the autoimmune process is not happen. Most of it, 75% diabetes type 1 cases occur before the age of 30 years.

Diabetes Type 2 or Non Insulin Dependent Diabetis Mellitus (NIDDM) 

Most of diabetes cases, 90% is DM type 2. Diabetes type 2 is caused by the reduction of Insulin ability in peripheral tissues (insulin resistance) and beta cell disfunction. In other word, pancreas could not produce enough insulin to compensate for insulin resistance. This problem is causing  deficiency of relative insulin. Obesity is one of diabetes type 2 symptom, this related to diabetes condition. Commonly its occurs in late of 40 years. The insulin level can be normal, low or even high, so the patient doesn't depend on insulin administration.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or GDM is a normal pregnancy with increase in insulin resistance or the pregnant mom failed to maintain her Euglycemia

The risk of GDM is obesity, glycosuria, family history of DM. GDM will increase the neonatal morbidity, such as hypoglycemia, jaundice, polycythemia, and macrosomia. This occurs because infants of GDM mothers secrete more insulin, which stimulates the growth of infants and macrosomia.

The frequency of GDM is approximately 3-5% of the mothers and the increased risk for diabetes mellitus in the future

 

And others Specific cases of Diabetes. Subclass of DM in which individuals experience hyperglycemia due to specific abnormalities (genetic abnormalities of beta cell function), endocrinopathy (disease Cushing's, acromegaly), use of drugs that interfere with the function of beta cells (Dilantin), use of drugs that interfere with insulin (b-adrenergic), and infectious / genetic syndrome (Down's, Klinefelter's)